Economic Theories of population growth - 7492 Words

Population Growth and Natural Resources 73 3.2 Economic Theories of Population Growth In this section the demographic transition process observed in the previous section will be examined in terms of economic theories. 3.2.1 The Malthus model Thomas Robert Malthus Â…1766 ±1834† is known as a pioneer in the economic theory of population. His Principle of Population Â…[1798] 1926† was a re ¯ection of England s premiere entrance into the process of modern demographic transition. His population theory may be summarized as follows: as with other animals, human beings have a natural instinct to bear children to a physical maximum; under this ` ®xity of passion people tend to multiply in an exponential rate; where the production of†¦show more content†¦Population Growth and Natural Resources 75 following the Agricultural Revolution. Even if the wage rate per hour may not have increased very signi ®cantly, the household income level increased from increased working hours and employment of females and children. Such a condition induced people in the labour class to marry earlier and produce more children. When this tendency coincided with decreases in the death-rate Â…owing to improved living conditions† the  ®rst population explosion in the epoch of modern economic growth took place in England. Indeed, the way that the birth-rate responded positively to increased income per capita was consistent with Malthus s theory. Such a positive response through adjustments in the marriage age and rate can be universally observed in premodern societies, e.g. Wrigley and Scho ®eld Â…1981† for England, and A. Hayami Â…1992† for Japan. The rising trend of the birth-rate for Phase 1 in England seems to re ¯ect the premodern response to the early phase of industrialization. To predict the future course of demographic changes in developing economies, a more general model should be envisaged that is able to explain both the empirical relevance of the Malthus theory for the early phase and its divergence from reality in the later phase of development. Attempts to build such a model have used an approach of maximizing the utility function common to household members Â…Leibenstein, 1957; Easterlin, 1975;Show MoreRelatedOpositions to Thomas Malthus Theory on Population Growth 694 Words   |  3 PagesPrinciple of Population argued that the increase in population growth would ultimately create social and economic problems for a nation. On the contrary, many famous political economists such as Ester Boserup and Julian Simon suggested different views about population and resource growth; which contradicts the Malthus’ theory. Thomas Malthus’ wrote ‘An Essay on the Principle of Population’ argued that the increasing rate of population growth is the impetus of many social and economic issues thatRead MoreThe Neo-Malthusian Population theory assumes that poor nations will never be able to rise much above subsistence levels unless they engage in preventive population checks, if not positive checks.1445 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated the Neo-Malthusian population theory claims that poor nations are stuck in a cycle of poverty which they cant get out of unless some sort of preventative measures of population checks are engaged. The Malthusian model was developed two centuries ago by a man named Thomas Malthus. Malthuss model is based upon a relationship between both population growth as well as economic development. Empirical studies now-a-days show that the population theory model is quite flawed because of manyRead MoreThe Theory Of Economic Growth Theory1 703 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature review As an important and popular issue in the field of economic research, it attracts many economists and there are many models to explain economic growth. In the history of the development of economic growth theories, there are three important stages which are the Classical Growth theory, the Neoclassical Growth theory and the Endogenous Growth theory. To start with, the Classical Growth theory is based on the Keynesian theory and the representative one is the Harrod–Domar model. It was putRead MoreWhy Are Some Countries Rich While Others Poor?1502 Words   |  7 Pagesothers poor. This is a question about economic growth. Take Korea for example. Korea had been divided into North and South Korea since 1948. These two countries share nearly the same geography, history and culture. However, the GDP per capita in the South Korea is only 3.22% of the South Korea. Another phenomenon is that the rapid growth had been observed in East Asian in recent years. This is another key economic issue: whether the growth rate of poor economics are higher than developed ones and whichRead MoreChinese Economic Development And Structure Problem986 Words   |  4 Pages Chinese economic development and structure problem Key question: China s economy, (China s economic have increased of Efficiency Analysis .) China s economic high speed growth can be remained? PESTEL China s economic have increased of Efficiency Analysis . After Chine revolution , Chinese economic have increase very fast , take GDP for a example,after economic revolution , about annual growth rate have keep or more than double-digit , this is very crazy. However ,according to the explainRead MoreAn Evaluation Of The Economic Benefits And Ethical Issues Of Population Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Title Population control: an evaluation of the economic benefits and ethical issues of population control through the use of eugenics Background The topic of population has been prevalent in the study of economics but particularly since Thomas Malthus published his book ‘Essay on the Principle of Population’ (1798). Malthus was the first economist to propose a systematic theory of population. Malthus proposed in his book that humans grow exponentially whereas the food supply grows atRead MoreThe Analysis Of Savings Attitude Will Be Discussed From Two Approaches Macroeconomic And Microeconomic Essay928 Words   |  4 PagesThis section discusses some theories and models that highlights on savings. The analysis of savings attitude will be discussed from two approaches: macroeconomic and microeconomic (household) perspectives. The macroeconomic methodology concerns itself with the influence of economic indicators such as GDP growth rate, rate of inflation, money supply, interest rate, etc., on the saving rate in an economy. At the micro level, individual saving and consumption attitudes, particularly households, haveRead MoreNeo Classical Model1134 Words   |  5 PagesNeo classical theory: An economic theory that outlines how a steady economic growth rate  will be accomplished with the proper amounts of the three driving forces: labor, capital and technology.  The theory states that by varying the amounts of labor and capital in the production function, an equilibrium state can be accomplished. When a new technology becomes available, the labor and capital need to be adjusted to maintain growth equilibrium. This theory emphasizes that technology changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Population Growth On The Steady State Of The Solow Growth Model1502 Words   |  7 Pages The effects of population growth on the steady-state of the Solow growth model INTRODUCTION As the creation of neo-classical economic growth model pioneer, Solow growth model creates a new breakthrough in terms of the theoretical model in the reality and plays an important role in study in long-run economic growth model. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of population growth on the steady-state and growth rates of the Solow growth model. The structure of this essay isRead MoreEssay on Economic Growth and Development894 Words   |  4 PagesEconomic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development. There is no single definition that encompasses all the aspects of economic development. The most comprehensive definition perhaps of economic development is the one given by Todaro: ‘Development is not purely an economic phenomenon but rather a multi – dimensional process involving reorganization and re orientation of the entire economic and social system. Development is a process of improving the quality

Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs - 769 Words

Teaching is one of the most important jobs as the future of the country, and indeed the world, lies in the children of today. It is important that we as teachers provide an environment, day in day out, that encourages and enables the students to grow not only as learners but as individuals. I believe the environment that facilitates this, (1) includes a fair, enthusiastic and supportive teacher, (2) incorporates the students’ interests into the curriculum, and (3) includes continual assessment to ensure student progress and success. Being approachable, caring, passionate, creative and enthusiastic are all qualities that I possess. Being kind, helpful, fair, polite and respectful are things that I truly value. These are things that I want to be displayed in my classroom by not only my students but myself. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs suggests that teachers can play a major part in moulding a child and building a solid foundation for their future (McLeod, 2007). I will play my part by being a positive role model and leading by example displaying these qualities and values every day. I will create a safe classroom environment where students feel like they belong, are accepted and have a right to voice their opinion. I will achieve this through praise and recognition of the accomplishment of goals, big or small, and displaying the qualities and values that I find significant. It is also significant that the content being taught in the classroom is relevant, engaging andShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1741 Words   |  7 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs and Herzberg’s. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs include five levels, and at the certain extent, reflect the rule of human s activities on psychological and behavior. Herzberg’ describe the more details of worker agree or disagree about working. In this essay, more related knowledge details and effects will de described, then, analysis the two theories individual, choose a better one. II. Describe the two theories. 2.1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs The Maslow’s hierarchy of needsRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1536 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of how to motivate different personality types. In the research I am going to compare Maslow’s hierarchy of needs against Lawrence and Nohira’s 4 drive theory in an attempt to better understand their possible uses inside an organizational structure. Let’s first take a look a look at the two theories before discussing their potential benefit. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. We need to keep in mind that Maslow’s field was phycology, so his research was done from a medical viewpoint more soRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1524 Words   |  7 PagesSummary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realization and fulfillments and that behavior could be gratified while using multiple types of needs at the same time. Maslow wanted to find positive motivation as to why people react or engage in certain behaviors. He felt that basic survivalRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1295 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 379 in EP)? Outline each level and discuss how it relates to motivation. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He originally studied law because of the influence of my parents, but after marrying his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, and moving to Wisconsin, he became interested in psychology. After achieving his Masters in Psychology, Maslow moved back to Brooklyn and started teaching at a school there. â€Å"One of the many interesting things Maslow noticedRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs982 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Maslow was one of the most influential and important educational psychologists and is recognized by many for his theory on mankind’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s theory which is known as â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs† is best explained as a pyramid of needs that we as humans must meet in order to progress to another stage of needs. There are five stages in the pyramid of needs and they go as follows: physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and finally self-actualization. MaslowRead MoreMaslow s The Hierarchy Of Needs1769 Words   |  8 Pages Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Jennifer Thompson Arkansas Tech University Author Note This individual research paper is being submitted on October 13, 2014 for Loretta Cochran’s Management [BUAD 3123] course. â€Æ' Summary of Maslow’s The Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow developed the theories of motivation because he felt that the sophistication of human behavior could not be portrayed through reinforcement or rewards. He felt that human action were directed toward realizationRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1498 Words   |  6 Pagesjust want to survive in life they want to flourish. Maslow s hierarchy of needs explains to us a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. While the interactionist point of view explains how humans are social creatures and social interaction is just as important as all of the other needs listed on Maslow’s Model. Maslow s hierarchy of needs is a ranking of needs for most essential to the least. Corrections Today explains that Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist born in New York, heRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1846 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Maslow developed the Hierarchy of needs (HON) to try and explain human psychological developments and how these manifest themselves into a worker’s life. We will explore some issues brought up by the model and why it may lack a certain the degree of unification and how it could potentially work better if entwined with other views. Motivation is the â€Å"word derived from the word ’motive’ It’s the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals† (guide, 2017) Also, MaslowRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages This international technology company demands strong motivation, stupendous leadership and great understanding between workers. Leaders need to create willingness amongst the employees to operate at their highest potential; this willingness is referred to as motivation. This report is based on a content/needs theory of motivation (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs). It consists of two pieces of primary research on the theory. The first one summarises worker motivation on selected construction sites inRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1388 Words   |  6 Pages Abraham Maslow was an American philosopher who was born in the early 1990 s in Brooklyn, New York. He was one of the leading theorists that promoted humanistic psychology during his era. Maslow sought to understand what motivates and inspires individuals. He theorized that individuals possess and hold a group of motivation and incentive systems not related to plunder or insensible desires. Maslow declared that people are motivated and provoked to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled

02 02h Political Cartoon Map Essay - 898 Words

Political Cartoon Map Part 1: Select one image and write at least three observations to support each decoding category. Write your observations in complete sentences, using proper spelling, grammar, capitalization, and punctuation. Choice A: Putting His Foot Down, 1899 Public Domain Choice B: Imperialism in China, 1890’s Public Domain Indicate Your Selection: Choice A or Choice B: ___B_______ Action: Five people (represents five nations) is cutting up a pie called Chine (China). Germany, U.K., Russia and Japan already have their knives or hand on the pie, France has his eyes on it as well. A stereotypical Qing official throws up his hands to try and stop them, but is powerless. Characters/Personas: The woman on the left†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Shooting an Elephant† Comparison to Political Cartoon Action: The narrator shoots an elephant while it is peacefully eating grass. The narrator decided to shoot the elephant because he realized he will lose face and be humiliated if he does not shoot it. The elephant resisted. After the elephant got shot, he still struggled to live, breathing dreadfully but powerless. It took him half an hour to die. After his death, the natives had â€Å"stripped his body almost to the bones.† Action: Killing the elephant while it is peacefully eating grass symbolized the barbarity of colonialism as a whole. For instance, China was â€Å"peacefully eating grass† on its own, until the conquerors invade it and ripped the peace away. After China got invaded, it still struggled to live. Just like the elephant, the Chinese man in the cartoon is frustrated and making â€Å"dreadful noise† hope to stop the conquerors. However, both of them were powerless. The conquerors divided China into pieces and will use all of its resources just like how the natives stripped the elephant into the bones. Characters/Personas: The narrator, a British The elephant The natives Characters/Personas: China is the elephant. The five nations are the natives that want the elephant killed. The knives they are using represents their military, is also the narrator in the story. Expressions/Body Language: The natives pressured narrator to shoot the elephant. The elephant

International Business across Borders

Question: Discuss about the International Business across Borders. Answer: Introduction: The surging integration of markets has intensified challenges for business enterprises across the world while consistently unfurling new dimensions to them. Globalization, in the context of business opportunities has made it inevitable for the managers to develop a conceptual understanding of international business since each large and medium sized company, at present, needs to expand their business on an international level. The contemporary customers too prefer selecting a brand while purchasing that has an international reputation in the market. However, to compete in a global context while originating from a developing country only enhances the problems for business organizations as they lack exposure and credibility in a global market. Therefore, each business house, now a days strives hard to become transnational, establishing its business on an international level across the borders. This report reviews a brief analysis of the company, Godrej Groups background along with locating its current operating position. Then, the report discusses the organizations design and structure as well as control issues to verify whether the company is capable of competing in the international market while discussing its strategy for the global context. Besides, it probes into the organizations schemes to project itself in the international market (Godrej.com 2017). It is also worthy to review the companys operational control, production and distribution and human resource management that has caused its eminence in the Indian market. Eventually, this report attempts to identify the key issues in the management and provides some recommendations considering the opportunities that lay before them. Overview of the Company: The Godrej Group, headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra and originated back in 1897 presently operates in diverse sectors. This Indian conglomerate has been operating in varied sectors ranging from consumer products, electronic appliances, furniture and security, agricultural products to industrial engineering and even in real estates. The Godrej Industries and its subsidiaries functioning under the patron enterprise, which are as follows, operate these multifarious categories: Godrej Properties Godrej Consumer Products Godrej Household Products Godrej Hershey Godrej Agrovet and Natures Basket Ltd. Besides these, Godrej Boyce is a private holding enterprise that has its presence in 14 different countries investing majorly in home appliances and security sector. Current Operating Position: The chemical division of Godrej Group, Godrej Industries has a vast functioning area based in 40 countries and to more than 60 countries; it exports the products of its subsidiaries (Zander, McDougall-Covin and Rose 2015.). On the other hand, the highly diversified Godrej Boyce has a prominent existence in the major continent markets of Europe, U.S.A., Middle East, South East Asia and even in Africa. Organizational Design Structure: The design of the organizational structure determines the modes of performance a company is likely to deliver (Jensen, Larsen and Pedersen 2013). Since Godrej Group has been, an industrial giant in India an holds equal reputation in large number of countries, it operates in a multilayered hierarchy that ensures its smooth functioning. On the supreme position of the organization the Board of Directors, retain all the decision-making power. The Managing Director operates just under them and is responsible for all the internal processing and performance of the company. The complete structure of the conglomeration is rather complex and elaborate. Management and Control Issues: In order to expand their business in some of the salient markets worldwide the Godrej Group has had several joint ventures. Unfortunately, these ventures have given rise to some issues, rather serious ones that has made the company part ways with them. One of such issues has been the recently talked about split between Godrej and the leading American confectionary Hersheys , where Godrej itself called off the joint venture. It has been reported that Godrej was bothered by the slow progress of the JV of worth 4.5 billion whereas other chocolate marketers seemed to record good profit in the international market (Epaper.timesofindia.com 2017). Apart from this, Godrej had aborted several other joint ventures in the past, worth mentioning among them was in the early 90s call off between Godrej soap and Procter Gamble as brands like Cinthol were getting self-flagellation. According to a spokesperson of the company, the issues of ownership and funds have become a matter of concern for the organization since they have consistently been giving rise to control issues hindering the growth of the company. International Competitive Strategy: In pursuance of international growth, Godrej Consumer Product has adopted a two- pronged scheme that will aid their steady growth. The acquisition of Keyline in UK it has developed a strong ground to flourish. Godrej is going forward with twin strategies to become stronger footed in the global market: Diversifying risk and Grabbing new market. Godrej has much expectation from its alliance with Keyline and a multiplying growth in this particular sector. Besides Keyline, brands like Rapidol also garner huge profit for Godrej. However, Godrej plans to hunt for new opportunities by grabbing new market despite the fact that it increases the risk factor for the patron company (Hoenen and Kostova 2015). SWOT Analysis: The SWOT analysis gives an overview of the conglomerates strength points and weaknesses. Besides, it discusses the future opportunities the company can avail and that what the threats are, which have been a matter of concern for the Indian conglomerate ("Godrej Company Profile - SWOT Analysis" 2017): SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths The vast range of products that the company offers covers almost every area of day-to-day needs. The enterprise has a wide range of subsidiaries to concentrate on manufacturing several different products. Flourishing manufacturing units. Sophisticated and strong IT connectivity with wide range of distributors. Advanced RD capabilities Competent and well-trained management section. Weaknesses The company lacks promotional and advertising activities, which is a major disadvantage for it. It emphasizes more on prima division and office automation. At the same time, the company is focusing on several security products. Impressive selling schemes are absent. Dealers prefer keeping the stock of other companies since Godrej does not offer them attractive gifts. Opportunities The huge market share acquired by Godrej and its subsidiaries. The company may raise consumer offers. Threats Rapidly growing competition in the international market. Products offered by Godrej are not unique. Other competitors are also giving stress on branding. Entry Strategies to Enter Other Countries: Some subsidiaries that have been topping the Indian market are now aiming for a global expansion. The subsidiary of Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL) is concentrating on chalking out a 3x3 strategy, which can aid their globalization. With this new strategy, they intend to penetrate deep into the three continents of Asia, Africa and South America basing on three different manufacturing segments as hair care, personal wash and insecticides. Instead of eyeing for the already populated markets of developed countries, where it would have been really challenging to introduce and establish a completely new brand they have rightly focused on the developing countries. According to a spokesperson of GCPL, they are studying the market of these continents to understand the trends of developing countries better. Again, the developing countries have more population than anywhere else in the world where the chances of consumption of the products are rather high (Epaper.timesofindia.com. 2017) In favor of expansion, GCPL has also undergone the process of a series of acquisition in the developing countries like Nigeria, Indonesia etc. In 2010, GCPL acquired a prominent consumer product enterprise in Indonesia, Megasari, which has been proved highly beneficial for the company notching huge revenues. Besides, a Nigerian beauty product company, Tura has also been acquired by GCPL and this acquisition looks promising (Epaper.timesofindia.com. 2017). Talking about the insecticides market, the company holds a large number of shares in the market of Indonesia (35%) as well as in the hair care and wipes market GCPL seems to be quite strong-footed. in addition to this, if not in directly jumping into the market with their products it is cleverly buying stakes of already existing local companies. Supply Chain Management: Supply chain management is often described as obtaining the right things to the right places and at the right time. Godrej believes in a thorough study of market place on a daily basis by the sale of the products considered as trigger. The enterprise has set up an effective channel of distribution to maximize the selling of their product while making sure they are available in abundance to the consumers (Kim and Mauborgne 2014). The supply chain that has been set up by the company follows the order of wholesalers, retailers, showrooms and consumers. Godrej also maintains a website making their goods available online and has tie ups with several shopping sites that result in a faster sale of the products. Product: The umbrella company Godrej offers a varied number of products conforming to all the basic and household requirements of people (Bhasin, 2017) (Altaf and Shah 2015). These product ranges are as follows: Appliances: Refrigerators Washing machines Air conditioners Microwave ovens DVD players Office and Home Furniture: Office Furniture Desking and Seating Open PlanOffice Systems like Computer furniture andStorages Home Furniture -Living Bedroom furniture and Dining and Kitchen cabinets. Locks Electromechanical and mechanical door locks, Furniture locks, Padlocks, Glass and Architectural Hardware etc. Prima Office Equipment: Multifunction devices Typewriters, Fax, Printers Plasma displays, projectors etc. Security Equipments: Burglar and fire alarm Coffers and Cash boxes Security/ Fire doors etc. Storage Solutions: Workshop equipments Tool Storage cabinets Mobile components etc. Electric and Electronics Compressors Energy Conservation Services Systems Bushbar Power Distribution Apart from all these sections, the Godrej Group deals in several other manufacturing segments, which also play key part behind the reputation of the company. Operational Control: Operational controlling in business refers to monitoring internal processes of how the business should be running (Verbeke 2013). It alludes to the decision-making part related to the business processes. The main components of operational control are: 1. Controlling the consequences 2. Liquidity planning Supervising the profitability Enhancing the efficacy even more using the existing resources While discussing the operational control in Godrej, we must primarily analyze the management function of the said organization (Stacey 2016). The management of Godrej has rather a complicated number of processes, which include: Planning, decision making, formulating of objectives and goals as well as selection of quality resources. Next comes the turn for employment, improving of the human resources, communication and deployment. The third step includes motivating the personnel by encouraging and inspiring them, issuing commands and drafting personnel policies. Eventually it is the turn for them to monitor all the operations going round and report to the higher authority. Human Resource Management across Borders: According to Aon Hewitt Best Employers 2015 Godrej emerged to be the best place to work and has achieved the command in talent management. However, in managing recruitment process overseas Godrej faces several challenges: Greater exposure brings greater risks in international undertakings Has to consider numerous external factors such as the regulations of the foreign country. While staffing their subsidiaries overseas Godrej conforms to the following approaches that smoothens the process of recruitment (Lee and Kang 2016.): Ethnocentric: As a family based company, Godrejs subsidiaries in overseas enjoy little autonomy. All the strategic decisions are taken only by the topmost level of hierarchy at headquarter in Mumbai. Polycentric: Recruitment of staff members of foreign subsidiaries is based on the policy of HCN while headquarter bases on PCN. Geocentric: Godrej does not strictly follow nationality as the key to recruitment but offers equal opportunity to the personnel as suitable for the growth of their career (Stahl and Tung 2015). As Godrej keeps rotating its employees in foreign locations, they provide proper pre-departure training to them in order to make them able to sustain in the foreign location. This training consists of three parts: Language Training Cultural Training Training to manage personal life Undoubtedly, this methodological management of human resource has become a strong point behind the dazzling success of the conglomerate (Rees and Smith 2014). Opportunities of Godrej Group: The chairperson of the Indian consortium Adi Godrej has clearly stated the future ideas of his organization, which includes an increase in overseas acquisition (Foss, Lyngsie and Zahra 2013.). The directors have identified the abundant opportunities of foreign acquisitions and this is why they have been exploring the possibilities of acquisitions specifically in the populated developing countries (Webcache.googleusercontent.com, 2017). As discussed above, they are aiming to propel growth in the international market of Latin America, Asia and Africa with their 3x3 strategy and targets CAGR of near about 26% from both organic and inorganic sectors within 2020 (Goerzen, Asmussen and Nielsen 2014). In order to achieve complete operational efficiency they intend to purchase 100 per cent in the enterprise in phases. The growth prospect of Godrej indicates it to surpass some of the biggest companies in U.S and China by 2040-2050 (Sriram and Panda 2013). Issues Faced by Godrej: As devised, Godrej had opted for several acquisitions in the recent years acquiring five out of the eight international affairs. This gave them the initial surge in the international revenues but now, it has become the biggest challenge for them to maintain the steady growth in a competitive market. Apart from this, the neglected promotional strategy section has become another matter of concern for them, as their individual branding in the international sector has been unconvincing. In addition to this, Godrej has to survive the stiff competition with some the renowned international brands with high brand value and of greater popularity among consumers (Mathiyazhagan et al. 2013.). Some of the competitors of two most prominent subsidiaries of Godrej, GIL and Godrej and Boyce being: The competitors of GCPL products are: Palmolive Black Rose LOreal Old Spice Gillette For Godrej Boyce the competitors are: Featherlite Office Systems Pvt. Ltd Monarch Furniture Store Recommendations: The growth in the insecticide segment of GCPL had slowed down in past few years. Among the other personal care goods, the soap category has also declined a bit which has inevitably reduced the consolidated net profit margin of the said subsidiary. In order to maintain the growth, the company must concentrate on the new and fresh variants of product range while sticking to their strong existing points that are running well both in domestic and international markets (Livemint.com, 2017). Talking about Godrej Boyce the company observed a growth of 31% in its consumer durables but at the same time, the furniture sector grew at a modest rate of only 10%. Though producing a low profit margin, Godrej also need to strategize the rapidly growing appliances business since it has immense possibility to compete in the international market (Kumar 2015.). In addition to this, GB needs to allocate greater capital for the industrial product division, GIL as it has been observed to underperform because of modest capital spending. Conclusion: Hence, reviewing all the major points covered in the report we can definitely affirm that the Indian conglomerate Godrej Group is sure to achieve their aimed international expansion. This multi-dimensional company has immense prospect overseas as it deals in almost everything and therefore, can certainly grab the larger share of market in the developing country. Leaving India, Godrej, as a brand already has a strong market position in the countries like Indonesia, Latin America, Africa and Europe, which delivers a strong consistent sales growth to the company. Since the Godrej Group owns a vibrant as well as a diverse business, it has the advantage of consumer trust; the consumers are likely to use one or the other products of the enterprise in their day-to-day life and thereby the factor of credence is formed among them. Lastly, as the company is still largely owned by the family it ensures the administrative smoothness without any sense of confusion in their routine operations. All these factors concerned, Godrej is one of those few companies that have successfully managed to retain its superior reputation not only as a domestic enterprise but also as a conglomerate one. References: Altaf, N. and Shah, F.A., 2015. Internationalization and firm performance of Indian firms: Does product diversity matter?.Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences,1(2), pp.76-84. Bhasin, H. (2017). Marketing mix of Godrej - Godrej Marketing mix. [online] Marketing91.com. Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/marketing-mix-godrej/ [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017]. Epaper.timesofindia.com. (2017). Godrej, Hershey?s End JV over Management Issues. [online] Available at: https://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:LowLevelEntityToPrint_ETNEWType=text/htmlLocale=english-skin-customPath=ETBG/2011/07/06ID=Ar00103 [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017]. Euromonitor.com. (2017).Godrej Company Profile - SWOT Analysis. 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The organizational design of offshoring: Taking stock and moving forward.Journal of International Management,19(4), pp.315-323. Kim, W.C. and e Mauborgne, R., 2014.Blue ocean strategy, expanded edition: How to create uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant. Harvard business review Press. Kumar, K.K., 2015. Are Indian FMCG Companies adding Economic Value to its Owners?.The MA Journal,50(11), pp.90-93. Lee, J. and Kang, N., 2016. A Study on The Moderating Effects of National Culture on International Human Resource Management Strategy and Knowledge Transfer. Livemint.com. (2017). After initial jump, Godrej faces challenge of driving steady growth - Livemint. [online] Available at: https://www.livemint.com/Companies/4hidAzRHVFgHFkX9yZHHrM/After-initial-jump-Godrej-faces-challenge-of-driving-steady.html [Accessed 31 Jan. 2017]. Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., NoorulHaq, A. and Geng, Y., 2013. 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Case Study of an Injured Workman Castro Free Sample for Students

Question: Give an Opinion as to Whether or not the Employer in the following example would be considered Negligent in providing a safe place and/or system of work. A workman, Castro, injured his back resulting in a permanent disability when he slipped and fell while carrying a very heavy oxygen bottle (about 146 lbs) which he needed to use on site some 20 or 30 yards away. Castro had not been working as a member of a team and had been moving the oxygen on site without assistance during a period of two weeks he had been working there. Because of the nature of the site, it was impracticable to use a trolley to move the bottle. He was carrying the bottle across his arms, which were held in front of his body when he slipped and fell on his back, the bottle falling with him, and to one side of his body. The defendant stated the bottle was too heavy for a man to carry and that there were other workers on site who could have provided assistance. Answer:Summary of the case The case study involves a work man who is permanently disabled after an accident in the workplace. The man by the name Castro is injured in the process of working in the company. Castro carried a heavy oxygen bottle and slipped on the site. The site by nature is impractical to use a trolley to carry the oxygen bottle. Castro is involved in an accident that caused him permanent disability. Analysis Castro is the plaintiff on the case while Transfield (Qld) Pty Ltd is the defendant. The Company is being accused of negligence. The Company has the duty of care of it employees of ensuring the working conditions are safe. The company has neglected on the responsibility of duty of case of providing a safety working environment. This shows that the company bleached it duty to care for it employees. This negligence by the company has caused Castro permanent disability. In this essay, I will use common law criteria to provide assessment of whether defendant is guilty of negligence. It will involve arguments for and against the guilt of negligence of the defendant. Arguments for the argument for guilty of the defendant in this case will be assessed on the scope of common law as foreseeability, causation, preventability and reasonableness Foreseeability Castro had been moving the heavy oxygen bottle for two weeks while holding it on the front of his body. This indicates that the bottle was held in contact with Castrols body. The site by nature was impassable by trolley. The site location and distance explained in the case was not made passable by the employer. It shows that Castro was daring to go ahead and carry the oxygen bottle for the work to be done. Castro risked his life to ensure work progresses. The oxygen bottle was very heavy (146 lbs) to be carried by one person. The site also had other workers who could have assisted Castro to carry the bottle. The foreseability of this case is that it common knowledge to understand that such heavy load should be carried by several workers to reduce the risk of falling on an individual worker. Also the company should have used wide or common knowledge to prepare the site to be passable before starting to work on the project. Therefore, it can be said that the company failed in this case to be foreseeable of likelihood of a hazard happening in the site. Causation The cause of negligence in this case is based on the unsafe condition that was prevailing in the site of the workplace. The site was by nature impassable by trolleys thereby indicating that there was negligence to improve the site. The company did not make efforts to ensure that safety and healthy work place was provided to the employees. The company was aware that the Oxygen bottle was heavy to be carried by one worker in the site and did not request other employees to offer help. This shows that if the company would have taken precaution measures Castro would not have been injured by the oxygen bottle to get permanent disabled. The negligence of the company efforts in the site led to unsafe matter. Therefore, the company fails this test of causation of unsafe matter as result of negligence. Preventability The heavy oxygen bottle that injured Castro would otherwise be carried by several workers or another hydraulic machine. Castro carrying the bottle on front with his hands was risk taking that could be prevented or reduced by having several workers in the site help Castro. This would have prevented the severity of the accident. Also carrying the bottle as a team would reduce the chances of the accident happening. Another alternative to carrying the oxygen bottle would be using machines that would prevent handling by human body. This would prevent slipping and the accident that happened in the site. Lastly, the company would have stopped Castro from carrying the oxygen bottle until the safety measures are put in place. These conditions would have been made possible by making the site passable or having shared responsibility to carry the oxygen bottle. The company hierarchy of control should have been keen in formulating and implementing policies that would make the workplace safer for workers. This would have prevented the occurrences of the accident that caused Castro disability. Reasonableness This criterion of common law analyzes the balance between the balance of significance of risk and the efforts required to reduce it reasonably (Yip and Goh, 2017). Stopping the progress of the work could have reduced the occurrence of the accident since Castro would not have carried the oxygen bottle. Second, requiring other workers in the team to assist in the carrying of the oxygen bottle would also have reduced the risk significantly. Third, the company would have purchased or hired a machine to handle the oxygen bottle in the site. Fourth, the company would be involved in the preparation of the site to ensure that it was safe for working. This would involve making the site passable before starting working. Lastly, the company would have warned or made it known of the risky situation that is in existence in the site. This would have cautioned worker in the site about the hazards in the site. These reasons show alternatives that would have prevailed to prevent or reduce the acciden t that involved Castrol making him permanently disabled. Adopting these measures would mean that the company should have done or incurred the following; first, the company would have delayed the progress of the project awaiting preparation and modification of the site location to guarantee safety to workers. Second, the company would have to incur expenses in purchasing or hiring a machine to handle the oxygen bottle. Third, the company should have increased it supervisory role to ensuring that periodic assessment is carried out on the safety of the site and workers worked as teams to avoid or reduce risk from excessive pressure. The company could also have incurred expenses to put on safety signs in the workplace. Therefore, the company should have implemented either of these factors before to significantly reduce the risks that are associated with the task. This criterion show that the balance of significant reducing the risk was not reasonably considered. Individual workers in th e workplace remained susceptible to hazards present in the site. Argument Against The argument against the defendant is aimed at disapproving the guilty of negligence of the defendant. It the company being proven innocent on the case of Castrol being injured to become permanently disabled after an accident in the workplace. The will involve a four common law criteria for an argument against the defendant. Foreseeability This entails the knowing of the occurrence of the incidence that injured Castrol. The prior events in the workplace indicate that Castrol had carried the same heavy oxygen bottle for two weeks without any help from his colleagues. This shows that the Castrol had carried the oxygen bottle severally before the incident occurred. From the case study, there are no complaining from either Castrol or worke mates about the working condition. This shows that despite the conditions being impassable it was bearable and the employees kept on working. There is no expert advice that is recorded on the regarding the condition of the work place where the incident occurred. From this analysis, there is no indication of foreseen risk in the work place. Employees were working for two weeks before the accident occurred. Castrol himself did not complain about the condition that he was facing while carrying the heavy oxygen bottle. Therefore, it can be said that the foreseeability of the hazard was canno t be supported by evidence. Causation Castrol slipped and fell while carrying the oxygen bottle. This indicates that the accident occurred to Castrol not as a result of negligence of the defendant but as an accident where the oxygen bottle fell on him. Therefore it was unseen accident that happened and not as a result of unsafe matter based on negligence of defendant. In addition, the plaintiff did not take any measure to reduce the occurrence of the risk while carrying the heavy oxygen bottle. Preventability This criterion involves alternative things that the plaintiff would have done to avoid the occurrence of the accident (Zhou, 2012). First, Castrol would have chosen not to carry the oxygen bottle if it was heavy for him. This would necessitate the company exploiting other meaning of carrying the oxygen bottle. Second, Castrol would have requested assistance from other employees in the team for assistance. This would mean that he would have been assisted to carry the heavy oxygen bottle. In this case, the heavy bottle would not have fallen on him causing the damage that it caused. Lastly, Castrol would have requested for advice from the supervisor on how to handle the heavy oxygen bottle in impractical passable site. This would have stimulated options for handling the heavy bottle. This would also stimulate need for formulating and implementing safety policies in the site. This would have generally improved the safety of the site. Therefore it can be said the alternatives in Castrol s afety were numerous hence the plaintiff due care was neglected. Reasonableness The company needed to get a machine to handle the oxygen machine if the site was impractically impassable by trolley. This implies that the avoiding the risk would cost the company the amount of either purchasing or hiring a machine (Gregory, n.d.). Second, the company supervision should have mobilized the team to handle the task as a group rather than as an individual. This would ensure that efforts are shared and no particular time that a task can cause harm to an individual. Third, the company could also have prepared the area that was the site for the project. This would have included leveling and adding signs where there is high risk of accident occurrence. Also, the company could also have restricted Castrol from carrying the heavy oxygen by having site policies that restrict individuals from lifting weights behold certain mass. Putting in place these measure would mean that the company would have invested on risk and uncertainty assessment and other expenses that would have re duced the occurrence of the accident. The company would have lost work worth two weeks that Castrol put on progress by risking his life. The company saved expenses on risk management. The reasons in this criterion do not outweigh significance of the risk. Conclusion From the analysis of Castrol Vs Transfield (Qld) Pty Ltd indicate that the company (defendant) did not observe due diligence in relation to risks in the workplace. Therefore the employers have a duty of care to provide a safe and healthy working environment for employees. Also employees have a role to play in ensuring that they only work in safe, low risky and healthy environment. References Cumming, D. and Zambelli, S. (2016). Due Diligence and Investee Performance. Financial Management, 23(2), pp.211-253. Gregory, D. (n.d.). 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